All categories
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PART I INTRODUCTION
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PART II INSTITUTIONAL AND REGULATORY FRAMEWORK
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2.INSTITUTIONAL, POLICY, REGULATORY FRAMEWORK FOR RURAL SANITATION AND WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT
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2.1 Overview
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2.2.Institutional Arrangement
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2.3.Policies and Regulations
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2.4 Discharge Standards
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2.5.Sources of funds
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2.6.Typical provincial cases
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2.7.Conclusions and recommendations
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PART III TECHNICAL BASIS
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3 Overview of Rural Sanitation and Wastewater Management
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3.1 Domestic Wastewater
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3.2 Rural Toilets in China – Source of Black Water
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3.3 Decentralized vs. Centralized Rural Wastewater Management
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4 Rural Wastewater Treatment Technology
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4.1 Preliminary Treatment
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4.2. Primary Treatment
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4.3 Secondary Treatment
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4.3.1 Attached Growth Process
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4.3.2 Suspended growth Process
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4.3.3 Waste Stabilization Pond
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4.3.4 Constructed Wetlands
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4.3.5 Subsurface Wastewater Infiltration Systems
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5 Wastewater Treatment Process Design
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5.1 General Design Consideration
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5.2 Sewage Collection Alternatives
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5.3 Wastewater Treatment Process Design
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5.4 Water Reuse
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5.5 Sludge Management
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PART IV PROJECT PLANNING AND DESIGN
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6 Project Planning and Design
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6.1 Diagnosis for Project Villages – Initial Community Assessment
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6.2 Establishment of Stakeholder Group
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6.3 Assessment on Existing Conditions and Community’s Capacity
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6.3.1 Physical Conditions Assessment
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6.3.2 Community’s Capacity Assessment
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6.4 Baseline Engineering Survey and Assessment
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6.5 Project Feasibility Study and Environmental Impact Assessment
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6.6 Selection of Operation Model
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6.7 Project Cost Estimate
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7 Community Participation
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7.1 Why Need Community Participation?
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7.2 Principles of Community Participation
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7.3 Community Participation Activities
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PART V PROJECT FINANCING
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8 Financing, Subsidies, and Cost Recovery
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8.1 Programmatic Costs
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8.2 Project Implementation Costs
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8.3 Project Financing
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8.4 Subsidies
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8.5 Cost Recovery
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PART VI PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION AND MANAGEMENT
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9 Procurement and Implementation
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9.1 Procurement Principles
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9.2 Procurement Alternatives
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9.3 Procurement Planning
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10 System Adminstration, Operation, Maintenance and Monitoring
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10.1 Introduction
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10.2 Management and Administration Arrangement
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10.3 Operation and Maintenance
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10.4 Reporting and Monitoring
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10.5 Operator Training and Support
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Appendix: Case Studies – Rural Wastewater Management in Zhejiang, Shanxi, and Jiangsu Province
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1.Zhejiang Province
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2.Shanxi Province
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3.Jiangsu Province
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4.Summary
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REFERENCES
5.1.3 Design of Sewer Systems
- Categories: 5.1 General Design Consideration
- Time of issue: 2022-04-28 18:34:46
- Views: 0
Description:
Information
The layout, type and size of sewers will depend primarily on the topography of the village, underlying soil and groundwater conditions, and the density of homes served by the system. The minimum criteria for designing new sanitary sewer systems is based on providing sufficient velocity of flow in the sewer system to minimize deposition of solids in the sewer system and to maintain sufficient ventilation in the pipes.
General criteria for sewer system design in rural areas include:
- Sewer systems are generally laid at shallow depths with low flow conditions and small diameter pipes are recommended.
- Under normal conditions in locations with no vehicle traffic, the minimum required cover over a sewer pipeline should be 0.60 m.
- Under normal conditions in locations with vehicle traffic, the minimum required cover over a sewer pipeline is normally 0.95 m, including 0.80 m of soil/sand and 0.15 m of concrete.
- In areas of shallow bedrock, special provisions may be made to allow for shallow trench depths; however, the depths should be sufficient to prevent freezing.
- Adequate horizontal and vertical separation to domestic water supply lines should be maintained to prevent contamination of water supply lines. The minimum horizontal and vertical separation between the sewer line and water supply line should be at least 1 m and 0.1 m, respectively.
- Sanitary sewer lines and water supply lines should not be buried in the same trench. Sanitary sewer and domestic waterline intersections should be perpendicular (90 degrees) to the extent practical.
- Sanitary sewers are small piping systems and are not designed to convey rainfall from roofs and other areas on properties. The rainwater piping from houses should not be connected to the sanitary sewer system.
In China, all design and construction of sewer systems shall be in line with national standards listed below:
- Structural Design Code for Pipelines of Water Supply and Wastewater Engineering (GB50332-2002)
- Outdoor Drainage Design Standard (GB50014-2021)
- Construction and Acceptance Code for Water Supply and Wastewater Engineering (GB50268-2008)
