All categories
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PART I INTRODUCTION
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PART II INSTITUTIONAL AND REGULATORY FRAMEWORK
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2.INSTITUTIONAL, POLICY, REGULATORY FRAMEWORK FOR RURAL SANITATION AND WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT
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2.1 Overview
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2.2.Institutional Arrangement
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2.3.Policies and Regulations
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2.4 Discharge Standards
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2.5.Sources of funds
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2.6.Typical provincial cases
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2.7.Conclusions and recommendations
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PART III TECHNICAL BASIS
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3 Overview of Rural Sanitation and Wastewater Management
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3.1 Domestic Wastewater
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3.2 Rural Toilets in China – Source of Black Water
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3.3 Decentralized vs. Centralized Rural Wastewater Management
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4 Rural Wastewater Treatment Technology
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4.1 Preliminary Treatment
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4.2. Primary Treatment
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4.3 Secondary Treatment
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4.3.1 Attached Growth Process
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4.3.2 Suspended growth Process
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4.3.3 Waste Stabilization Pond
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4.3.4 Constructed Wetlands
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4.3.5 Subsurface Wastewater Infiltration Systems
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5 Wastewater Treatment Process Design
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5.1 General Design Consideration
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5.2 Sewage Collection Alternatives
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5.3 Wastewater Treatment Process Design
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5.4 Water Reuse
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5.5 Sludge Management
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PART IV PROJECT PLANNING AND DESIGN
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6 Project Planning and Design
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6.1 Diagnosis for Project Villages – Initial Community Assessment
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6.2 Establishment of Stakeholder Group
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6.3 Assessment on Existing Conditions and Community’s Capacity
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6.3.1 Physical Conditions Assessment
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6.3.2 Community’s Capacity Assessment
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6.4 Baseline Engineering Survey and Assessment
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6.5 Project Feasibility Study and Environmental Impact Assessment
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6.6 Selection of Operation Model
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6.7 Project Cost Estimate
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7 Community Participation
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7.1 Why Need Community Participation?
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7.2 Principles of Community Participation
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7.3 Community Participation Activities
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PART V PROJECT FINANCING
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8 Financing, Subsidies, and Cost Recovery
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8.1 Programmatic Costs
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8.2 Project Implementation Costs
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8.3 Project Financing
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8.4 Subsidies
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8.5 Cost Recovery
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PART VI PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION AND MANAGEMENT
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9 Procurement and Implementation
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9.1 Procurement Principles
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9.2 Procurement Alternatives
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9.3 Procurement Planning
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10 System Adminstration, Operation, Maintenance and Monitoring
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10.1 Introduction
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10.2 Management and Administration Arrangement
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10.3 Operation and Maintenance
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10.4 Reporting and Monitoring
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10.5 Operator Training and Support
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Appendix: Case Studies – Rural Wastewater Management in Zhejiang, Shanxi, and Jiangsu Province
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1.Zhejiang Province
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2.Shanxi Province
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3.Jiangsu Province
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4.Summary
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REFERENCES
8.1 Programmatic Costs
- Categories: 8 Financing, Subsidies, and Cost Recovery
- Time of issue: 2022-04-28 20:13:37
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The programmatic costs are the costs associated with establishing and maintaining a rural wastewater management program, either at the municipal or county level. These include staffing or human resources, office space, equipment, vehicle(s), and reimbursable expenses for materials, petrol, and travel expenses. Other programmatic costs may include special expenses for retaining domestic and/or international consultants to conduct workshops or technical studies, such as feasibility studies and sector specific studies (social, resettlement, and environmental impact assessments).
- Staff Costs. Staffing costs will vary depending on the structure and size of the municipal and county rural wastewater management offices and local economic level. In general, staffing costs or wages are the highest programmatic costs and will range from 60% to 70% of the overall programmatic costs.
- Fixed Costs. Fixed costs are generally one-time or ongoing overhead costs related to the physical and operational requirements of the program. These costs typically include the monthly rental for office space and related utilities (water and electricity), purchasing of vehicles, computer equipment (computers, printers, network, and other related equipment), office furniture, and employee benefits (health insurance and retirement benefits). These costs will vary regionally, but in general will represent 20% to 30% of the monthly operational budgets.
- Consumable Expenses. The consumable expenses include costs for expendable goods and services consumed over an operating period, such as a month or quarter and include the costs for office supplies (paper, pens, printer cartridges, and other related goods), fuel for vehicles, staff travel, accommodation, and per diem expenses. These routine expenses typically represent 10% to 20% of the monthly programmatic expenditures.
- Special Funding or Soft Costs. Special Funds or soft costs are expenses incurred to conduct periodic workshops, to pay for consulting fees and special studies, and possibly to fund demonstration or pilot projects. Special funding is usually provided through public funds from the Municipal or Central Governments, grants, or loans from the international financial institutions (such as the World Bank and the Asian Development Bank) and non-governmental organizations (such as UNDP or UNICEF). These costs are considered discretionary or “soft” monies, because they are typically intended for a specific project for a short period of time, such as for a 1 to 5 year period and are commonly used to pay for technical studies, such as engineering studies and designs, feasibility and sector studies, workshops. These funds may also pay in part for fixed works elements of a project.
