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PART I INTRODUCTION
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PART II INSTITUTIONAL AND REGULATORY FRAMEWORK
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2.INSTITUTIONAL, POLICY, REGULATORY FRAMEWORK FOR RURAL SANITATION AND WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT
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2.1 Overview
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2.2.Institutional Arrangement
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2.3.Policies and Regulations
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2.4 Discharge Standards
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2.5.Sources of funds
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2.6.Typical provincial cases
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2.7.Conclusions and recommendations
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PART III TECHNICAL BASIS
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3 Overview of Rural Sanitation and Wastewater Management
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3.1 Domestic Wastewater
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3.2 Rural Toilets in China – Source of Black Water
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3.3 Decentralized vs. Centralized Rural Wastewater Management
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4 Rural Wastewater Treatment Technology
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4.1 Preliminary Treatment
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4.2. Primary Treatment
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4.3 Secondary Treatment
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4.3.1 Attached Growth Process
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4.3.2 Suspended growth Process
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4.3.3 Waste Stabilization Pond
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4.3.4 Constructed Wetlands
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4.3.5 Subsurface Wastewater Infiltration Systems
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5 Wastewater Treatment Process Design
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5.1 General Design Consideration
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5.2 Sewage Collection Alternatives
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5.3 Wastewater Treatment Process Design
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5.4 Water Reuse
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5.5 Sludge Management
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PART IV PROJECT PLANNING AND DESIGN
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6 Project Planning and Design
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6.1 Diagnosis for Project Villages – Initial Community Assessment
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6.2 Establishment of Stakeholder Group
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6.3 Assessment on Existing Conditions and Community’s Capacity
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6.3.1 Physical Conditions Assessment
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6.3.2 Community’s Capacity Assessment
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6.4 Baseline Engineering Survey and Assessment
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6.5 Project Feasibility Study and Environmental Impact Assessment
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6.6 Selection of Operation Model
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6.7 Project Cost Estimate
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7 Community Participation
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7.1 Why Need Community Participation?
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7.2 Principles of Community Participation
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7.3 Community Participation Activities
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PART V PROJECT FINANCING
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8 Financing, Subsidies, and Cost Recovery
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8.1 Programmatic Costs
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8.2 Project Implementation Costs
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8.3 Project Financing
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8.4 Subsidies
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8.5 Cost Recovery
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PART VI PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION AND MANAGEMENT
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9 Procurement and Implementation
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9.1 Procurement Principles
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9.2 Procurement Alternatives
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9.3 Procurement Planning
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10 System Adminstration, Operation, Maintenance and Monitoring
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10.1 Introduction
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10.2 Management and Administration Arrangement
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10.3 Operation and Maintenance
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10.4 Reporting and Monitoring
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10.5 Operator Training and Support
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Appendix: Case Studies – Rural Wastewater Management in Zhejiang, Shanxi, and Jiangsu Province
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1.Zhejiang Province
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2.Shanxi Province
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3.Jiangsu Province
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4.Summary
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REFERENCES
7.3.3.2 Project Alternatives Review and Selection
- Categories: 7.3.3 Project Planning and Design Phase
- Time of issue: 2022-04-28 20:22:25
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Upon getting the support from villagers/communities, the design agency will start the feasibility study of the proposed project to define project objectives and analyze different project alternatives. This is an intensive decision-making process, and the VC should work closely with the design agency and project consultant to actively review alternative project solutions and to understand what various opportunities and constraints pertain to each alternative. Participation can be achieved through workshops or informal meetings. Selection of location and timing of workshops and meetings should facilitate participation.
To have the entire community participate in the decision-making for final project option selection, the VC will assist the design agency to reach out to the villagers and organize the community assembly meetings to present information and collect feedbacks. When the proposed design scheme involves land acquisition for treatment facilities construction and/or sewage system installation, the VC will work with the design agency to optimize the facility layout and help to get the consent from villagers for land acquisition and resettlement.
One of the key responsibilities of the VC at this stage is to present the feasibility study to the village leaders and the community to help the community members understand:
- the project contents,
- the advantage and disadvantage of different project alternatives,
- the labor and financial requirements for each household,
- needed support from the community members during project implementation, and
- potential environmental and social impacts may occur as a result of the project.
Questions to be explained to villagers
- What different options are available to improve sanitation? What are their advantages and disadvantages? Are they culturally acceptable?
- Is there enough information to make an informed decision about the different options?
- Is the individual household or neighborhood (decentralized) or the centralized sanitation system more appropriate for the village?
- Where will the wastewater treatment system locate?
- How much land will be occupied temporarily and permanently?
- How much labor and money will be required from the community? Are they willing and able to provide them?
- For each alternative considered, what is the capital cost and what are the ongoing operating and maintenance expenses? What human resources and skills will be required? What spare parts and other materials, such as chemicals, are required? Are they available?
- How long will it take to implement the project?
