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PART I INTRODUCTION
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PART II INSTITUTIONAL AND REGULATORY FRAMEWORK
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2.INSTITUTIONAL, POLICY, REGULATORY FRAMEWORK FOR RURAL SANITATION AND WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT
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2.1 Overview
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2.2.Institutional Arrangement
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2.3.Policies and Regulations
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2.4 Discharge Standards
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2.5.Sources of funds
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2.6.Typical provincial cases
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2.7.Conclusions and recommendations
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PART III TECHNICAL BASIS
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3 Overview of Rural Sanitation and Wastewater Management
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3.1 Domestic Wastewater
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3.2 Rural Toilets in China – Source of Black Water
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3.3 Decentralized vs. Centralized Rural Wastewater Management
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4 Rural Wastewater Treatment Technology
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4.1 Preliminary Treatment
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4.2. Primary Treatment
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4.3 Secondary Treatment
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4.3.1 Attached Growth Process
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4.3.2 Suspended growth Process
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4.3.3 Waste Stabilization Pond
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4.3.4 Constructed Wetlands
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4.3.5 Subsurface Wastewater Infiltration Systems
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5 Wastewater Treatment Process Design
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5.1 General Design Consideration
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5.2 Sewage Collection Alternatives
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5.3 Wastewater Treatment Process Design
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5.4 Water Reuse
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5.5 Sludge Management
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PART IV PROJECT PLANNING AND DESIGN
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6 Project Planning and Design
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6.1 Diagnosis for Project Villages – Initial Community Assessment
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6.2 Establishment of Stakeholder Group
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6.3 Assessment on Existing Conditions and Community’s Capacity
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6.3.1 Physical Conditions Assessment
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6.3.2 Community’s Capacity Assessment
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6.4 Baseline Engineering Survey and Assessment
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6.5 Project Feasibility Study and Environmental Impact Assessment
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6.6 Selection of Operation Model
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6.7 Project Cost Estimate
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7 Community Participation
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7.1 Why Need Community Participation?
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7.2 Principles of Community Participation
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7.3 Community Participation Activities
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PART V PROJECT FINANCING
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8 Financing, Subsidies, and Cost Recovery
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8.1 Programmatic Costs
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8.2 Project Implementation Costs
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8.3 Project Financing
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8.4 Subsidies
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8.5 Cost Recovery
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PART VI PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION AND MANAGEMENT
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9 Procurement and Implementation
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9.1 Procurement Principles
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9.2 Procurement Alternatives
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9.3 Procurement Planning
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10 System Adminstration, Operation, Maintenance and Monitoring
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10.1 Introduction
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10.2 Management and Administration Arrangement
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10.3 Operation and Maintenance
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10.4 Reporting and Monitoring
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10.5 Operator Training and Support
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Appendix: Case Studies – Rural Wastewater Management in Zhejiang, Shanxi, and Jiangsu Province
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1.Zhejiang Province
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2.Shanxi Province
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3.Jiangsu Province
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4.Summary
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REFERENCES
2.2.4 Summary
- Categories: 2.2.Institutional Arrangement
- Time of issue: 2022-05-16 10:44:12
- Views: 0
By sorting out the overall situation of the administrative framework for rural wastewater treatment, it shows that China adopts a promotion mechanism in which the central government makes overall planning, the province assumes the overall responsibility, and the cities and counties focus on implementation.
(1) The Central Rural Work Leading Group will coordinate the overall work, balance the support policies of funds, resources and human resources, and supervise and promote the implementation of key tasks.
(2) The government departments perform their own duties and responsibilities, cooperate closely and issue supporting policies in a timely manner. The Ministry of Ecology and Environment focuses on planning formulation, standard formulation, technical support, pilot demonstration to establish a rural domestic sewage treatment system gradually. The National Development and Reform Commission takes the primary responsibility for the construction of price mechanisms such as farmer payment mechanism. The Ministry of Finance takes the primary responsibility for the rural environment improvement fund and other central government funds.
(3) Provincial Party committees and governments are responsible for the improvement of rural living environment in their own provinces, and promote the division of key tasks, the implementation of major projects, and the allocation of important resources. The city and county party committees and governments focus on implementation, and promote the implementation of projects, the use of funds, promotion of implementation, and operation and maintenance. Township party committees and governments are specifically responsible for the organization and implementation.
(4) A local-based, centrally-subsidized, and socially-involved fund-raising mechanism is established for rural wastewater treatment. The central government is increasing investment for rural domestic sewage treatment, and favor poverty-stricken areas moderately. At the same time, rural areas that have built centralized wastewater treatment facilities are encouraged to explore farmer payment mechanism. Some provinces have confirmed that all cities and counties should include the funds required for the management of rural wastewater treatment facilities into their fiscal budgets.
(5) Generally speaking, China's rural wastewater treatment work is in a state of fragmentation and multiple leadership, in other words, guided vertically by departments from top to bottom, at the same time the specific work is directly led by the local government. Therefore, there may be inefficiencies in decision-making when coordinating business across departments and regions. However, this involves the division of powers between the central and local governments in China, which cannot be changed in the short term, and will not be repeated in this report.
