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PART I INTRODUCTION
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PART II INSTITUTIONAL AND REGULATORY FRAMEWORK
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2.INSTITUTIONAL, POLICY, REGULATORY FRAMEWORK FOR RURAL SANITATION AND WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT
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2.1 Overview
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2.2.Institutional Arrangement
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2.3.Policies and Regulations
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2.4 Discharge Standards
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2.5.Sources of funds
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2.6.Typical provincial cases
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2.7.Conclusions and recommendations
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PART III TECHNICAL BASIS
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3 Overview of Rural Sanitation and Wastewater Management
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3.1 Domestic Wastewater
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3.2 Rural Toilets in China – Source of Black Water
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3.3 Decentralized vs. Centralized Rural Wastewater Management
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4 Rural Wastewater Treatment Technology
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4.1 Preliminary Treatment
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4.2. Primary Treatment
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4.3 Secondary Treatment
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4.3.1 Attached Growth Process
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4.3.2 Suspended growth Process
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4.3.3 Waste Stabilization Pond
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4.3.4 Constructed Wetlands
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4.3.5 Subsurface Wastewater Infiltration Systems
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5 Wastewater Treatment Process Design
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5.1 General Design Consideration
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5.2 Sewage Collection Alternatives
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5.3 Wastewater Treatment Process Design
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5.4 Water Reuse
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5.5 Sludge Management
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PART IV PROJECT PLANNING AND DESIGN
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6 Project Planning and Design
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6.1 Diagnosis for Project Villages – Initial Community Assessment
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6.2 Establishment of Stakeholder Group
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6.3 Assessment on Existing Conditions and Community’s Capacity
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6.3.1 Physical Conditions Assessment
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6.3.2 Community’s Capacity Assessment
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6.4 Baseline Engineering Survey and Assessment
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6.5 Project Feasibility Study and Environmental Impact Assessment
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6.6 Selection of Operation Model
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6.7 Project Cost Estimate
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7 Community Participation
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7.1 Why Need Community Participation?
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7.2 Principles of Community Participation
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7.3 Community Participation Activities
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PART V PROJECT FINANCING
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8 Financing, Subsidies, and Cost Recovery
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8.1 Programmatic Costs
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8.2 Project Implementation Costs
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8.3 Project Financing
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8.4 Subsidies
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8.5 Cost Recovery
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PART VI PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION AND MANAGEMENT
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9 Procurement and Implementation
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9.1 Procurement Principles
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9.2 Procurement Alternatives
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9.3 Procurement Planning
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10 System Adminstration, Operation, Maintenance and Monitoring
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10.1 Introduction
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10.2 Management and Administration Arrangement
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10.3 Operation and Maintenance
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10.4 Reporting and Monitoring
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10.5 Operator Training and Support
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Appendix: Case Studies – Rural Wastewater Management in Zhejiang, Shanxi, and Jiangsu Province
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1.Zhejiang Province
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2.Shanxi Province
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3.Jiangsu Province
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4.Summary
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REFERENCES
2.3.4.Summary
- Categories: 2.3.Policies and Regulations
- Time of issue: 2022-08-02 15:05:33
- Views: 0
The Chinese government has always attached great importance to rural work. From 2004 to 2021, the Central No. 1 document has emphasized the issues relating to agriculture, rural areas and farmers for 18 consecutive years.
1. For rural wastewater treatment, the central government adopts the principle of promoting according to local conditions and proceeding step by step.
- During the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan" period, the key work is to start with demonstration and promote gradually. The competent ministries and commissions focus on the top-level design and regulate and guide uniformly the discharge standards. At the implementing level, it is emphasized starting with demonstration and promoting gradually.
- The "14th Five-Year Plan" will focus on problems such as unbalanced regional development, imperfect basic living facilities, and imperfect management and maintenance mechanisms. It is emphasized that local planning should be prioritized, and overall management will be stressed. While connecting with the 13th Five-Year Plan, the 14th Five-Year Plan is focusing on building a long-term development mechanism at the same time.
2. From a legislative point of view, although some provinces have issued local regulations for rural domestic wastewater, there is still no special and systematic legal and regulatory support on the whole. Rural wastewater treatment still faces practical problems such as insufficient local attention and the difficulty of changing the inherent habits of the masses. Only by incorporating the treatment of rural domestic treatment into the track of the rule of law can we ensure the comprehensive advancement of the construction of beautiful countryside and the in-depth implementation of the rural revitalization strategy.
Due to the vast territory of China and the huge differences between different regions in China, the rural wastewater treatment is actually still in the process of exploration. Next, this report will conduct further analysis on the discharge standards and funding sources.
