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PART I INTRODUCTION
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PART II INSTITUTIONAL AND REGULATORY FRAMEWORK
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2.INSTITUTIONAL, POLICY, REGULATORY FRAMEWORK FOR RURAL SANITATION AND WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT
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2.1 Overview
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2.2.Institutional Arrangement
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2.3.Policies and Regulations
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2.4 Discharge Standards
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2.5.Sources of funds
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2.6.Typical provincial cases
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2.7.Conclusions and recommendations
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PART III TECHNICAL BASIS
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3 Overview of Rural Sanitation and Wastewater Management
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3.1 Domestic Wastewater
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3.2 Rural Toilets in China – Source of Black Water
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3.3 Decentralized vs. Centralized Rural Wastewater Management
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4 Rural Wastewater Treatment Technology
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4.1 Preliminary Treatment
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4.2. Primary Treatment
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4.3 Secondary Treatment
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4.3.1 Attached Growth Process
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4.3.2 Suspended growth Process
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4.3.3 Waste Stabilization Pond
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4.3.4 Constructed Wetlands
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4.3.5 Subsurface Wastewater Infiltration Systems
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5 Wastewater Treatment Process Design
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5.1 General Design Consideration
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5.2 Sewage Collection Alternatives
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5.3 Wastewater Treatment Process Design
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5.4 Water Reuse
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5.5 Sludge Management
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PART IV PROJECT PLANNING AND DESIGN
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6 Project Planning and Design
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6.1 Diagnosis for Project Villages – Initial Community Assessment
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6.2 Establishment of Stakeholder Group
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6.3 Assessment on Existing Conditions and Community’s Capacity
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6.3.1 Physical Conditions Assessment
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6.3.2 Community’s Capacity Assessment
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6.4 Baseline Engineering Survey and Assessment
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6.5 Project Feasibility Study and Environmental Impact Assessment
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6.6 Selection of Operation Model
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6.7 Project Cost Estimate
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7 Community Participation
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7.1 Why Need Community Participation?
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7.2 Principles of Community Participation
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7.3 Community Participation Activities
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PART V PROJECT FINANCING
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8 Financing, Subsidies, and Cost Recovery
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8.1 Programmatic Costs
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8.2 Project Implementation Costs
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8.3 Project Financing
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8.4 Subsidies
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8.5 Cost Recovery
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PART VI PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION AND MANAGEMENT
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9 Procurement and Implementation
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9.1 Procurement Principles
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9.2 Procurement Alternatives
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9.3 Procurement Planning
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10 System Adminstration, Operation, Maintenance and Monitoring
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10.1 Introduction
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10.2 Management and Administration Arrangement
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10.3 Operation and Maintenance
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10.4 Reporting and Monitoring
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10.5 Operator Training and Support
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Appendix: Case Studies – Rural Wastewater Management in Zhejiang, Shanxi, and Jiangsu Province
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1.Zhejiang Province
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2.Shanxi Province
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3.Jiangsu Province
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4.Summary
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REFERENCES
10.3.2 Maintenance Program Elements
- Categories: 10.3 Operation and Maintenance
- Time of issue: 2022-04-28 10:46:46
- Views: 0
Maintenance is essential to the sustainability of a wastewater system. A preventative maintenance program combined with good operational practices will reduce the need for corrective or emergency maintenance. Maintenance activities normally include repairs to broken, damaged, or worn-out equipment (emergency maintenance), and the periodic replacement of equipment and facilities that have reached the end of their design life (corrective or preventive maintenance). For a clustered or centralized system, the contractor shall provide an O&M manual to the village committee after construction completion, and the private operator shall develop a detailed O&M plan for each wastewater treatment system, including the O&M of treatment equipment and sewer system, if any.
The O&M manual shall include but not limited to:
- General description of the wastewater treatment systems, including specifications of all equipment and spare parts.
- Manufacturer’s literature for all key components used in the system (piping, valves, pumps, float switches, controllers, blowers (if used), pond liner materials, and other pertinent equipment).
- A map showing the location of all system components.
- Required maintenance procedures and frequencies for each equipment and system component.
- A list of do’s and don’ts for the households.
- Emergency response procedures, including suggested actions to be taken in the event of system malfunction.
The O&M plan will be developed based on the O&M manual and shall include but not limited to:
- Checklists for daily check and routine inspection.
- An inventory of equipment, components and spare parts maintained on the site.
- Preventive maintenance schedule, including tasks, frequency, estimated maintenance date, costs, and record template.
- An inventory of required tools and equipment for performing maintenance, including the names, numbers, and physical conditions.
- Sludge management procedures and work plan.
- Water quality monitoring plan.
- Safety plan.
The O&M plan should be kept current at all times and updated every two to four years if substantial changes have occurred. The maintenance schedule shall consider weather and its effect on maintenance activities and personnel safety. Whenever possible, outdoor maintenance activities should be scheduled when favorable seasonal weather conditions can be expected. Records must be kept indicating which maintenance tasks have been performed and when. This is helpful for two reasons. First, it is imperative to verify the completion of each maintenance task. Second, to schedule future maintenance activities or to verify the condition of certain equipment, it is always helpful to be able to refer back to the record of past maintenance performed.
